TEORI-TEORI ORGANISASI

 Oleh: RITA RAHMAWATI, Dra., MSi 

WHAT IS ORGANIZATION
THEORY?
ORGANIZATION THEORY IN ACTION
• Every organization, every managers in every organization, is
involved in organization theory, often with excellent results
• Organization theory  draws lessons from these organizations and
makes those lesson available to students and managers of
organizations
• Organization theory can be very practical. It helps  people
understand, diagnose and respond  to emerging organizational
needs and problems
• Organization theory is not collection of facts; it is a way of
thinking about organizations
• Organization theory is a way to see and analyze organization
more accurately an deeply than one otherwise could
• The way to see and think about organizations is based upon
patterns and regularities in organizational design and behavior
WHAT IS AN ORGANIZATION?
• Organization are hard to see
• We see outcroppings, such as a tall
building or friendly employee
• The whole organization is vague and

abstract
KEBERADAAN ORGANISASI BAGI
MANUSIA
• Manusia adalah mahluk sosial yang cenderung untuk hidup
bermasyarakat serta mengatur dan mengorganisasi
kegiatannya dalam mencapai sautu tujuan tetapi karena
keterbatasan kemampuan menyebabkan mereka tidak
mampu mewujudkan tujuan tanpa adanya kerjasama. Hal
tersebut yang mendasari manusia untuk hidup dalam
berorganisasi
• Manusia mempunyai ketergantungan pada manusia lainnya
• Pada dasarnya manusia  tidak mampu memenuhi kebutuhan
hidupnya secara sendiri.
• Hampir sebagian besar tujuannya dicapai melalui orang lain
atau  apabila yang bersangkutan berhubungan dengan orang
lain.
• Hal ini disebabkan manusia memiliki keterbatasan
KETERBATASAN MANUSIA
• Chester  I. Barnard (1956) mengatakan sebagai berikut : “At once
we note that the limitations of the accomplishment of a purpose are
the joint effect of two classes of factors:
– the biological faculties or capacities of individual; and
– the physical factors of the environment.
 For example, take the simple case of a stone too large for a man to
move. This may be stated as „stone to large for man‟ or as „man
too small for stone‟. In the first expression we say that the
limitation lies in the physical environment of the man; in the other
we state that the limitation lies in the biological powers of the man;
but clearly the limitation is in the total situation.”
     (Chester L, Barnard, The Function of the Executive, Cambridge,
Mass., Harvard University Press, 1956, hlm. 23)
• Hebert G. Hicks  berpendapat bahwa:“Almost everyone is deeply
affected by groups. Involvement in some sort of group or
organization occupies the mayor portion of the live of many, if not
most, persons. Numerous benefits can come from improved
relationship between individuals and groups. For example, the
success of a business typically depends upon productive behavior
of individuals in work groups. Also someone must deal successfully
with customers, suppliers, governmental units, and the general
public. The same is true of a college classroom which depends
upon the successful interaction of the professor and students in
their group. And students often join cliques outside class to
exchange old test, „obtain‟ new ones, try to outguess the professor,
or sometimes even to study together. Further, parents, wives,
husbands, sweethearts, friends, and administrators continually
interact with the larger college or university.”
     (Hebert G. Hicks, The Management of Organization: A Systems
and Human Resources Approach, Tokyo, McGraw-Hill
Kogakusha, 2nd, hlm. 156.)
PENGERTIAN ORGANISASI
• Menurut ERNEST DALE: Organisasi adalah suatu proses
perencanaan yang meliputi penyusunan, pengembangan, dan
pemeliharaan suatu  struktur atau pola hubunngan kerja dari orangorang
dalam
suatu
kerja
kelompok.

•  Menurut CYRIL SOFFER: Organisasi adalah perserikatan
orang-orang yang masing-masing diberi peran tertentu dalam suatu
system kerja dan pembagian dalam mana pekerjaan itu diperinci
menjadi tugas-tugas, dibagikan kemudian digabung lagi dalam
beberapa bentuk hasil.
•  Menurut KAST & ROSENZWEIG: Organisasi adalah sub
system teknik, sub system structural, sub system pshikososial dan
sub system manajerial dari lingkungan yang lebih luas dimana ada
kumpulan orang-orang berorenteasi pada tujuan.
•  Definisi UMUM: Kelompok orang yang secara bersama-sama
ingin mencapai tujuan”

CIRI-CIRI ORGANISASI
• Lembaga social yang terdiri atas kumpulan
orang dengan berbagai pola interaksi yang
ditetapkan.
• Dikembangkan untuk mencapai tujuan
• Secara sadar dikoordinasi dan dengan sengaja
disusun
• Instrumen social yang mempunyai batasan yang
secara relatif dapat diidentifikasi.